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Archive for April 4th, 2007

the wicked son

Wednesday, April 4th, 2007 by admin

On seder night, when we get to the part about the 4 sons, much is made of the “wicked” (or rebellious) son, whose question is similar in style to that of the “wise” son. At the prompting of my new haggadah, the Tekhelet Mordekhai (which I highly recommend), I decided to check the Yerushalmi to see what it said on the four sons. It was an enlighening experience.

תני ר’ חייה כנגד ארבעה בנים דיברה תורה בן חכם בן רשע בן טיפש בן שאינו יודע לשאול. בן חכם מהו אומר (דברים ו) מה העדות והחקים והמשפטים אשר צוה ה’ אלהינו אותנו אף אתה אמור לו (שמות יג) בחזק יד הוציאנו ה’ ממצרים מבית עבדים. בן רשע מהו אומר (שמות יב) מה העבודה הזאת לכם מה הטורח הזה שאתם מטריחין עלינו בכל שנה ושנה מכיון שהוציא את עצמו מן הכלל אף אתה אמור לו (שם) בעבור זה עשה ה’ לי לי עשה לאותו האיש לא עשה. אילו היה אותו האיש במצרים לא היה ראוי להגאל משם לעולם.

Some differences between this account and the common acocunt given in the haggadah which help explain things:

  • The wise son adds the words אלהינו אותנו which clearly show he is a part of the group and recognizes god.
  • The wicked son has a second part to his statement which is cut off – he continues by insulting the torah which is “forced upon us every year”. Suddenly, the wicked son’s question has some bite to it, which is interesting because…
  • The Yerushalmi does not suggest blunting his teeth. (Apparently, they thought discussing the issue with him would be a better approach from an educational perspective).

    There is clearly more to write and think about (take a look at how the third son is identified if you want some interesting food for thought), but I can now say that although I am not yet a man of seventy years, I never understood the wise and wicked sons until it was explained to me by the Talmud Yerushalmi.

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